The tephra stratigraphy of two lakes in south- central British Columbia, Canada and its implications for mid-late Holocene volcanic activity at Glacier Peak and Mount St. Helens, Washington, USA

نویسندگان

  • Franklin F. Foit
  • Daniel G. Gavin
  • Feng Sheng Hu
چکیده

Several mid-late Holocene Glacier Peak tephras along with Mazama and Mount St. Helens Wn and P tephras were found in cores from Cooley and Rockslide lakes in southeastern British Columbia, 300 km northeast of Glacier Peak. The sediments in Cooley Lake host the late Holocene Glacier Peak A tephra (2010 calibrated (cal) years BP), four separate Glacier Peak Dusty Creek (GPDC) tephras (5780–5830 cal years BP), and a Glacier Peak set D tephra (6060 cal years BP). This is the first report of Glacier Peak A and D tephras in British Columbia. The A tephra has been correlated on the basis of glass composition and age to a late Holocene Glacier Peak tephra in the sediments of Big Twin Lake, 75 km northeast of Glacier Peak. The glasses in the four GPDC tephra layers from Cooley Lake are compositionally indistinguishable from those in Mount Barr Cirque and Frozen lakes in southwestern British Columbia. The layers likely represent four eruptions taking place over 50 years. Although set D tephra has not been correlated to a known proximal or distal deposit, its glass bears the Glacier Peak glass compositional signature and its interpolated age corresponds to the initiation of the set D eruptive period. The presence of GPDC tephra in lake sediments across southern British Columbia suggests a broad plume trajectory to the north and northeast, whereas the apparent absence of the A and D tephras in all but Cooley Lake suggest plumes with a northeasterly direction. Résumé :Plusieurs tephras de Glacier Peak (Holocène moyen-tardif) ainsi que des tephras Wn et P des monts Mazama et St. Helens ont été trouvés dans des carottes des lacs Cooley et Rockslide dans le sud-est de la ColombieBritannique, à environ 300 km au nord-est de Glacier Peak. Les sédiments dans le lac Cooley contiennent le tephra Glacier Peak A de l’Holocène tardif (2010 années avant le présent), quatre tephras distincts Glacier Peak Dusty Creek (GPDC) (5780–5830 années avant le présent) et un ensemble tephra Glacier Peak D (6060 années avant le présent). Il s’agit du premier rapport sur les tephras Glacier Peak A et D en Colombie-Britannique. D’après la composition du verre et son âge, le tephra A a été corrélé à un tephra Glacier Peak de l’Holocène tardif, dans les sédiments du lac Big Twin, à 75 km au nord-est de Glacier Peak. Les verres dans les quatre tephras GPDC du lac Cooley ne peuvent être distingués par leur composition de ceux du lac du cirque du mont Barr Cirque et ceux du lac Frozen dans le sud-ouest de la Colombie-Britannique. Les couches représentent probablement quatre éruptions qui ont eu lieu au cours d’une cinquantaine d’années. Bien que le tephra de l’ensemble D n’ait pas été corrélé à un dépôt proximal ou distal connu, son verre comporte la signature compositionnelle du verre de Glacier Peak et son âge interpolé correspond au début de la période éruptive de l’ensemble D. La présence de tephra GPDC dans les sédiments de lac à travers le sud de la Colombie-Britannique suggère une large trajectoire de panache vers le nord et le nord-est alors que l’absence apparente des tephras A et D partout sauf au lac Cooley suggère des panaches ayant des directions nord-est. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Foit, Jr. et al. 1410

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تاریخ انتشار 2004